Match the word or word phrase
(left column) and its translation (right column):
|
1) century
2) nature 6) application 8) property 9) strength 11) brittleness 12) ductility 13) rubber 15) definition 16) substance 17) significance 18) heat 19) conductivity 21) compound 22) stone 23) alloy 24) luster |
a)
хрупкость b)
камень c) тепло e) собственность, свойство f) природа i)
век;
столетие j) применение m) прочность n) резина; каучук p)
определение q)
ковкость r)
важность;
значение s)
блеск t) проводимость v)
вещество w) соединение x)
сплав пластичность |
|
1) useful 3) rich 5) wide 6) high 8) strong 9) brittle 12) main 13) scientific 15) pure |
a) чистый b) хрупкий e)
прочный, сильный f)
богатый g)
высокий h) главный j)
широкий k) полезный m) научный |
|
3)
to create machines 4)
to find wide application 5)
to possess properties 6)
to make metals so useful 7) to combine strength and plasticity 13)
to consist of many elements 14)
to be called alloys |
c)
состоять из многих элементов d) называться сплавами h)
делать металлы такими полезными i)
обладать свойствами j)
создавать машины k)
находить широкое применение l) сочетать прочность с пластичностью |
Read and
translate the following sentences.
1) We use engineering metals in industry.
2) Iron is a very important engineering metal.
3) All machines consist of metal parts.
4) A machine is an engineering construction.
5) All machines and engineering constructions consist of metal parts.
6) Stone is hard and strong. Its hardness is great, but stone is brittle, not plastic.
7) Stone was the first engineering material.
8) People began to use metals after stone and wood.
9) Metals are much stronger and harder than wood.
10) It was difficult to find metal in the earth and produce an
engineering material.
11) Only metals have a combination of useful engineering properties:
hardness, strength and plasticity.
12) Some metals are strong and hard. Other metals are soft and plastic.
13) Plasticity of metals is very important.
14) Engineering metals are used in the form of alloys.
15) The properties of alloys are better than the properties of pure
metals.
16) Strength, hardness, plasticity are the properties of metals.
17) Metals form the most important and largest group of engineering materials.
3. Translate
the sentences. Pay attention to the translation of «because» (так как, потому что) and «because of» (из-за).
a) Ferrous metals are widely used because they are cheap.
b) Pure aluminium is seldom used because of its low hardness.
c) For a long time people used stone as a constructional material
because they did not know how to produce and how to use metals.
d) Metals have great importance because of their useful properties.
Read the text.
METALS AS ENGINEERING MATERIALS
People began to use metals after wood and stone, but now metals are more
important for our industry than these two old materials.
Metals have such great importance because of their useful properties. Metals
are much stronger and harder and that is why some engineering constructions and
machines were impossible when people did not know how to produce and how to use
metals. Metal is not so brittle as stone which was the first engineering
material for people. Strength, hardness and plasticity of metals are the
properties which made metals so useful for industry.
It is possible to find some very plastic wood, but it will be much
softer than any metal; stone may be very hard, but it is not plastic at all.
Only metals have a combination of these three most useful engineering properties.
But it is much more difficult to get the metals from the earth in which
they are found than to find some stone or wood. That is why people began to usе metals as
engineering materials after stone and wood. The first metal which was produced
by people was copper; iron was produced much later.
It is known that metals are very important in our life. Metals have the
greatest importance for industry. All machines and other engineering
constructions have metal parts. Some of them consist only of metal parts.